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The socially and disadvantaged youth join gangs to enhance prestige or status among friends, to provide a chance for excitement, or to sell drugs to make money. Many join gangs for a sense of identity. In some communities, many youth are recruited or coerced into gangs. They seemingly have no choice. A few are born into gangs as a result of neighborhood traditions and their parents' earlier gang participation or involvement in criminal activity.
The most important community risk factor is poverty, absence of parents, and no parental supervision. Another significant risk factor is low expectation for success in school, hanging with the wrong crowd, low self-esteem, depression and easy access to drugs, and those who use drugs and are generally involved in antisocial behavior, particularly violent crime and are more likely to become involved in criminal activity, do poorly in school and display various forms of problem behavior. Antisocial behavior in school, low achievement test scores, the identity of being learning disabled, and low grades all play important factor in the early use of alcohol and marijuana, and early sexual activity.
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